In recent economic years, the category of "art economy" has a special and cultural place in studies that hold that economy and art can coexist and that art economy considers art with economic results. This research aimed to study the development of art economics (with an emphasis on performing arts) through a descriptive-analytical and library method. The findings show that, in today's highly competitive cultural world, arts can maintain and develop their survival, and have positive effects and are profitable, though they face many challenges. The most important challenges facing the economy of art were identified to be (a) fanatical idealistic view of art and artist in culture and society and architect from managing the economy in the field of art, (b) government intervention in the economy of art, (c) concern about the instrumentalist view of art, and (d) material valuation of works of art. Moreover, concerning the specific factors that affect the development of the economy of art, especially in the theater, the findings show that these factors have an effect on the economy of art including: Special attention to artistic products (primary material), attention to production costs, attention to the distribution and type of audience, attracting private investment, and attention to the presence of the government